![]() ![]() You can learn more about these and other tests in the Buros Mental Measurements Yearbook. They also provide information that can support your advocacy for appropriate educational services for your child. Nearly all modern IQ tests have been developed in accordance with strict standards for technical adequacy and are quite suitable for determining whether your child meets local criteria for entering a gifted program. Test Nameįor parents who wonder what should happen when a psychologist tests their child, the American Psychological Association publication Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (available at offers clear guidelines that testing psychologists follow. An experienced psychologist is aware of the issues that each particular test raises and can explain to parents the rationales, for selecting one test over another for the purpose of assessing their child. One intelligence test that is sometimes recommended for this reason, even though it is outdated, is the Stanford-Binet, Form L-M. Therefore experts recommend that highly gifted children be administered intelligence tests with a high ceiling. The closer a score comes to the test’s ceiling, the less accurate it is as an indicator of the child’s level of ability. This “ceiling effect” often poses a problem for highly gifted students, because many standardized tests (including most intelligence tests) are designed to work best within three standard deviations of the average score. The highest possible score is known as the test’s ceiling, and students whose abilities fall at or above this level receive the same numerical rating even though their abilities are not identical. A single school, or even a single district, may have many more or fewer students with IQ scores at a given level, because the normal distribution is based on a very large population and a particular school may not be fully representative of it. This broader criterion includes about 10 percent of students as gifted. In some locales, an IQ score of 120 is used for entry into gifted programs. About 2 percent of individuals score in this range. Giftedness is typically defined by scores at or above 130. This pattern is called a normal distribution, better known as a bell curve. Most people score near average (100), and a few have either very high or very low scores. For historical reasons, the standard deviation on most IQ tests is set at 15 (sometimes 16). The spread of scores is measured by the standard deviation. A Bit of TheoryĪll IQ tests are designed so that an average IQ is represented as a score of 100. These tests are usually administered individually, rather than in groups, by a licensed psychologist. For example, most IQ tests contain some tasks that draw on vocabulary and others that require pattern recognition. Tasks are broadly similar across tests, with some variation that depends on the tests’ theoretical conceptualizations of intelligence. Commonly used intelligence tests include the Stanford-Binet (S-B), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC), and the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability. Although this definition has intuitive appeal, it is no longer used today, because it cannot be applied to adults. Using this definition, a six-year-old child who performed like the average eight-year-old was assigned an IQ of 8/6 times 100, or 133. By the outbreak of World War I, the idea of IQ as a ratio of mental to chronological age was established. A wide variety of tasks were investigated as possible measures of IQ, and those that appeared to work well were developed further. The origins of the discipline of psychology can be traced to research conducted by physiologists and neurologists in the late 19th century. Modern intelligence testing is almost as old as psychology itself, that is, a little over 100 years old. The following is a brief introduction to IQ tests and IQ testing. Although additional identification methods have been adopted in recent decades, IQ tests retain a prominent role in determining appropriate educational settings for highly able students. ![]() Measures of IQ, the intelligence quotient, have historically been the primary means of identifying intellectually gifted children. ![]()
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